What Are the Different Types of FAA Medical Certificates?

The FAA offers three classes of medical certificates—first, second, and third class—along with the BasicMed program. Understanding the requirements and use cases for each class of medical will help you determine which one is right for you.

FAA medical certificates are proof of a pilot’s completion of a mandatory health assessment. Pilots have to go through periodic medical exams to ensure they still meet the physical standards for safe flight operations. The pilot’s age and the type of flying they do determines how often medical exams are required and what must be included in the exam.

Aviation medical certificates are issued by FAA-authorized Aviation Medical Examiners (AMEs) following a medical examination. Depending on the type of flying you intend to do, you’ll need to get the appropriate class of medical. Pilots need to be examined by AMEs on a regular basis to keep their certificate current.

Maintaining a valid medical certificate ensures pilots are medically fit to fly and operate aircraft. This is a safeguard for the well-being of not only pilots but also their passengers and people on the ground. Regular medical evaluations help identify and mitigate health issues that could impair a pilot’s ability to fly safely.

As a student pilot preparing for your first check ride, it’s important to be familiar with each type of medical certificate, regardless of the one you need. The topic of medical certification can certainly come up in a practical or written exam, but it’s also important for your own knowledge as an active pilot. Beyond the check ride, flying goals and aspirations can change, and you may need different types of medicals throughout your career.

This breakdown provides an overview of each class of medical certificate, as well as BasicMed information and updates issued in December 2024. Aside from the physical requirements listed, pilots must meet all other health standards specified by the FAA and disclose their health history.

Who needs it?

First-class medicals are required for Airline Transport Pilots (ATPs), pilots who fly for airlines, and some other types of commercial flying operations. Although not required for student pilots, those aiming for an airline career should consider getting a first-class medical early to ensure they meet standards. 

Requirements 

Validity

After these periods, the certificate may still be valid for lower class privileges (e.g. third class) for a specified duration.

Who needs it?

Pilots exercising the privileges of a commercial pilot certificate are required to hold a second-class medical at a minimum. Commercial operations can include activities such as carrying passengers or cargo for compensation.

Requirements 

Validity

After these periods, the certificate may still be valid for lower class privileges (e.g. third class) for a specified duration.

Who needs it?

This certificate is intended for private, recreational, and student pilots who fly for personal use and noncommercial operations. Flight instructors can also operate on a third class medical.

Requirements 

Validity 

Who is it for?

BasicMed is an alternative solution that allows some private and recreational pilots to continue flying under a set of specific limitations in the event that they no longer qualify for a traditional medical.

Eligibility requirements

Operating limitations 

The right medical certificate for you depends on your flying goals. Exams for three classes of medicals all cost roughly the same, so when in doubt, go for the more restrictive class. Before investing time and money into flight training, it’s wise to secure the highest level of certificate you may need.

If you know you want to become an airline pilot or are considering it, you’ll need a first-class medical one day to be eligible for the job. Obtaining one as a student pilot is a smart way to make sure there are no surprises in the future when it comes to your medical eligibility for the job.

If you’re pursuing a commercial pilot career outside of the airlines, a second-class medical will suffice in most cases. For private pilots, students, and flight instructors, you’ll be able to fly on a third-class medical.

Get to know your options and consult with your flight school, instructor, or other trusted authority if you’re unsure where to start. Learning your options early on will help you avoid surprises and keep you on track toward your flying goals.

What kind of doctor do you see for an FAA medical certificate?

An Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) is authorized by the FAA to issue medical certificates. A regular physician cannot issue aviation medicals but can conduct a medical exam for a pilot under BasicMed.

Which type of medical certificate is hardest to get?

The first-class medical is the most restrictive but is not difficult to get as long as you are generally healthy and meet the necessary requirements.

Are there basic medical requirements needed for a FAA certificate?

To get an aviation medical certificate, applicants must have generally good hearing and vision, whether naturally or corrected with lenses. They must also not have medical conditions that could impair their flying ability.